Women's Issues

Can a woman recite the Quran during her menstrual cycle?

Yasir Qadhi August 4, 2020 Watch on YouTube
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Quick Answer

The majority position (Hanafi, Hanbali, Shafi'i) is that a woman in menses may NOT recite the Quran. The Maliki school and scholars like Ibn Taymiyya, Ibn Qayyim, and Ibn Uthaymin permit it. Yasir Qadhi is sympathetic to the majority but acknowledges that if staying away from the Quran for many days would significantly impact a woman's memorization or spirituality, she may follow the minority opinion without publicizing it. Separate and firm ruling: physically touching the mushaf (physical copy) is not permitted by any school regardless of wudu state, for men or women — use a screen, gloves, or a cover.

Full Lecture Transcript (Cleaned)

The Majority Position — 2:22

Imam al-Tirmidhi writes in his al-Jami' that the majority position of the Companions and their students (Tabi'in) — and of scholars like Sufyan al-Thawri, Ibn al-Mubarak, and others — is that a woman in menses and a man in the state of janaba (major ritual impurity) may NOT recite the Quran.

Three of the four madhabs hold this position:

They do permit: Their evidence: The most authentic hadith is in Sahih Bukhari: Aisha (RA) narrates that the Prophet (ﷺ) would lean into her room while she was in menses and recite the Quran. Al-Nawawi and other Shafi'i scholars argue: this narration would only make sense if it was well-known that women in menses don't recite the Quran themselves — otherwise, why mention her state? The point was that the Prophet could recite Quran while his wife, who could not recite, was present.

There is also an explicit but weak hadith in Abu Dawud stating that neither the menstruating woman nor the person in janaba should recite anything from the Quran — but this narration has a well-known chain weakness acknowledged by virtually all hadith scholars, and fiqh is not based on inauthentic narrations.

The Minority (Permissive) Position — 8:45

The Maliki school permits a woman in menses to recite the Quran. Also permitting it: Ibn Taymiyya, Ibn al-Qayyim, Ibn Uthaymin, and the Permanent Committee of Senior Scholars of Saudi Arabia (who are otherwise Hanbali in most issues).

Their argument (summarized from Ibn Taymiyya's Fatawa):

This is not a fringe minority: it is the position of one of the four major madhabs and several of the greatest scholars in Islamic history. It is not shazz (extremely isolated).

Yasir Qadhi's Personal Position — 11:35

He is very sympathetic to the majority position — Aisha's narration does seem to indicate this was a known practice. He advises Sister Nadia to stick with her community's scholarly tradition if she can.

However, he also acknowledges Ibn Taymiyya's point that the evidence is ambiguous rather than explicit. He personally experienced how interrupting Quran memorization even for a day or two during travel affected his review speed and continuity.

His advice:

Touching the Mushaf — 15:01

This is a completely separate ruling with a different level of scholarly consensus.

Physically touching the mushaf (a printed Quran) requires tahara (wudu). This applies to men and women equally, and regardless of menstruation — even a man without wudu may not touch the mushaf.

Evidence:

This ruling is held by all four madhabs and was the explicit position of over 20 of the earliest scholars. There is no known dissenting voice among the Sahaba on this point.

Alternatives if you want to review Quran during menses without touching the physical mushaf:

  • Use a phone or tablet screen — no physical contact with the mushaf; your finger touches glass, not the Quran itself
  • Use an instrument (stylus, rubber pen) to scroll
  • Use a glove when handling the physical copy
  • Use a copy of the Quran that has a cover — in our cultures, the Quran is often stored with a fabric cover for exactly this reason; you may handle the cover without wudu