Inheritance & Finance

Can a Muslim inherit from a non-Muslim, or leave inheritance to non-Muslim family?

Yasir Qadhi August 11, 2020 Watch on YouTube
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Quick Answer

The hadith 'a Muslim does not inherit from a kafir and a kafir does not inherit from a Muslim' refers specifically to the Quran-mandated inheritance shares (the fixed fractions like 1/8, 1/6, etc.). Up to one-third of one's estate can always be given via will to anyone — Muslim or non-Muslim. A Muslim convert with no Muslim relatives living in a Western country may leave their entire estate to non-Muslim family, and may also accept money left to them in a non-Muslim parent's will. No sin in either direction.

Full Lecture Transcript (Cleaned)

The Misunderstood Hadith — 1:11

The hadith is authentic: "A Muslim does not inherit from a kafir, and a kafir does not inherit from a Muslim." (Reported in Bukhari and Muslim)

This is often told to converts in a way that gives them the impression that they can have absolutely no financial relationship with their non-Muslim family when it comes to inheritance. This is a misunderstanding of what the hadith means.

What the Hadith Actually Means — 1:11

When a Muslim dies, Islamic law divides their estate into two categories:

  • The mandated shares (fara'id): These are the fixed fractions dictated by Surah al-Nisa — a wife gets 1/8 in certain circumstances, a mother gets 1/6, etc. These shares are assigned by Allah and distributed automatically (in an Islamic land, there is no need for a will at all — it all follows the Quranic formula).
  • The discretionary third (up to 1/3): A person may direct up to one-third of their estate to anyone they choose via a will — someone not in the mandated list, a charity, a cause.
  • The hadith applies only to the mandated shares. It means: if your father dies and you have converted to Islam while your sibling has not, your non-Muslim sibling does not receive their Quranic share from your Muslim father's estate — that share is removed.

    But the discretionary third can go to a non-Muslim. There is nothing preventing that. And if a non-Muslim leaves money in their will to a Muslim relative, that money is fully permissible for the Muslim to take — the hadith does not prevent a non-Muslim from choosing to give from their own estate.

    The One-Third Rule — 2:50

    Simple example: you have a cousin who financed your education when you were young. Your cousin is not in the mandated inheritance list (they would not normally inherit). But you feel a sense of gratitude. You can write in your will: "15% of my estate goes to this cousin's family." That 15% — or up to 33.3% — you may direct to any person, Muslim or non-Muslim.

    The Convert's Situation — 3:55

    For a new Muslim convert in the West with no Muslim relatives, the picture is even clearer:

    Summary — 5:30

  • Can you take money from your non-Muslim mother's will? Yes, fully permissible. Your mother is not bound by Islamic sharia — she may write whatever she wants in her will, and you may accept it.
  • Can you write your non-Muslim relatives into your own will? Yes, up to one-third in any case. As a convert with no Muslim heirs, you may direct your entire estate to them.
  • Do the mandated Quranic shares apply to non-Muslim relatives? No — those shares only flow between Muslim heirs.